Collybia nuda, commonly known as the blewit[, wood blewit or blue foot]
The species is native to Europe and North America. It is found in both and deciduous woodlands. It has been cultivated in United Kingdom, the Netherlands and France. It is a widely consumed edible mushroom.
Taxonomy
The French mycologist Pierre Bulliard described the wood blewit in his work Herbier de la France in 1790 as Agaricus nudus, reporting that it was common in the woods all year. He wrote of two varieties: one whose gills and cap are initially light violet and mature to burgundy, while the other has wine-coloured gills that intensify in colour with age. He added that the first variety was often confused with Cortinarius violaceus, though it has a "nude" cap and no spidery web veil unlike the other species.[ English naturalist James Bolton gave it the name Agaricus bulbosa—the bulbous agaric—in his An History of Fungusses growing about Halifax in 1791. He noted that it was rare in the region, though had found some in Ovenden.][
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German mycologist Paul Kummer placed it in the genus Tricholoma in 1871,[ the same year that English botanist Mordecai Cubitt Cooke placed it in Lepista.][ It was known by these names for many years, with some authors accepting Lepista and while others retained the wood blewit in Tricholoma. In 1969 Howard E. Bigelow and Alexander H. Smith reviewed Lepista and reclassified it as a subgenus of Clitocybe][ Finnish mycologist Harri Harmaja has called for the sinking of Lepista into Clitocybe, with C. nebularis as the type species of the latter genus.][Harmaja, H. (2003). Notes on Clitocybe s. lato (Agaricales). Ann. Bot. Fennici 40: 213-218.] Hence the wood blewit is classified as either Lepista nuda or Clitocybe nuda.
A 2015 genetic study found that the genera Collybia and Lepista were closely related to the core clade of Clitocybe, but that all three were polyphyletic, with many members in lineages removed from other members of the same genus and instead more closely related to the other two. To complicate matters, the wood blewit is not closely related to the type species of Lepista, L. densifolia. Alvarado and colleagues declined to define the genera but proposed several options and highlighted the need for a wider analysis.
This species was reassigned to the genus Collybia in 2023.
Names
The species is commonly known as the wood blewit. Cooke called it the amethyst lepista,[ John Sibthorp called it the blue-gilled agaric in his 1794 work Flora Oxoniensis.][
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Description
This mushroom can range from lilac to purple-pink. Some North American specimens are duller and tend toward tan, but usually have purplish tones on the stem and gills. Younger specimens are lighter with more convex caps, while mature specimens have a darker color and flatter cap, ranging from in diameter.
Wood blewits can be easily distinguished by their odor, as well as by their spore print, which is white to pale pink.
Similar species
Wood blewits can be confused with certain blue or purple species of the genus Cortinarius,
The species also resembles Collybia brunneocephala, Clitocybe tarda, Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis, and Lepista subconnexa.
Distribution and habitat
The wood blewit is found in Europe and North America and is becoming more common in Australia and New Zealand, where it appears to have been introduced. In Australia it has developed a relationship with some eucalyptus species and gorse; with an entirely different growth pattern and differs slightly in appearance to its European Lepista nuda cousins.
It is a saprotrophic species, growing on decaying leaf litter. In the United Kingdom, it appears from September through to December.
Soil analysis of soil containing mycelium from a wood blewit fairy ring under Norway spruce ( Picea abies) and Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris) in southeast Sweden yielded fourteen halogenated low molecular weight organic compounds, three of which were brominated and the others chlorinated. It is unclear whether these were metabolites or pollutants. Brominated compounds are unknown as metabolites from terrestrial fungi.
The form glaucocana is found in mountainous environs.
Ecology
In Australia, male collect blue objects to decorate their bowers with. A young male was reported to have collected wood blewits to this end near Braidwood in southern New South Wales.
Edibility
Wood blewits are good .
Blewits can be eaten as a cream sauce or sautéed in butter.
Wood blewits can be dried,
The wood blewit has been cultivated in United Kingdom, the Netherlands and France.
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